Kanban workflow: how to build a Kanban board in 5 easy steps

Do columns and colored post-it notes sound familiar? If you've ever heard the term Kanban workflow, you can certainly imagine what it looks like. Kanban boards rely on a system of labels that indicate the work that has to be done, is in progress or has to be completed.

Although the Kanban method was inspired by the automotive industry in Japan and used for inventory and supply chain management, today, it can be used in agile project management.

So, what is Kanban, and how is it used in agile project management?

Here is a complete guide on what a Kanban workflow is and how to build one in 5 easy steps:

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Kanban: definition

What is the Kanban process?

💡 Kanban or “Kamban” is a Japanese term that translates to"card", "signboard" or "billboard".

The Kanban method is a visual organization system that consists of labels (or kanbans). Each label corresponds to a customer request that activates the production line when necessary. This optimizes resource management.

Initially, the Kanban method was a scheduling system for lean manufacturing based on the "just-in-time" principle which is used to maintain a balance between demand and supply. A company would manufacture a good once the order has been issued by the customer, instead of building up stocks.

Using Kanban in agile software development

With the emergence of SaaS businesses and agile project management, Kanban workflows can now be used in agile software development to improve organization, distribution, and task planning.

Kanban and agile software development work well together because :

• they improve project management,
• they optimize workflow and task distribution,
• they use visual tools, kanban boards, and labels to promote collaboration.

What are the benefits of using Kanban?

Advantages

• easy to implement and understand,
• inexpensive to set up and manage,
• optimizes manufacturing lead times and storage costs,
• a clear and logical system,
• transparent processes,
• anticipates blockages,
• suitable for all team organizations and a variety of situations,
• limits multi-tasking,
• continuous improvement process.

Disadvantages

• can not be used if the demand is too irregular; it would then be too complex to manage production properly,
• an error in the kanban system can cause the production line to stop and slow down the activity,
• this method cannot be applied to all industries,
• if the method and its principles are not understood and integrated by the teams, it becomes useless.

ℹ️ Note: except for the last one, these disadvantages do not apply to the IT field.

How do Kanban boards work?

Kanban principles

There are 6 rules to be seriously take into consideration and respected, which are:

• Visualize: For transparency and how to work, team members use a kanban board, an electronic board with sticky notes to track the work that is inaccessible, who works on what. Members move those sticky notes from column to column according to the work progress.
• Limit Work-in-Progress (WIP): For a proper work balance, it involves adding a limit to the number of tasks one can accomplish in each column, reminding you that a column represents the stages of each task.
• Manage workflow:  is to anticipate customer’s needs to produce on-time delivery by searching for any bumps in the work progress. It is to provide consistency in the workflow
• Make policies explicit: Short and to the point, it is sometimes a word above a Kanban column used only when the visualize process needs improvement or precision.
• Create opportunities for feedback: Team members attend meetings to see what is not working out accordingly to be improved. 
• Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally: As its names indicates, it concerns teams collaborating to find solutions to the roadblocks of their projects.

Kanban stages

In Kanban boards, tasks are represented by colored labels or cards (usually post-it notes).

Tasks are categorized and placed on the kanban board in the column corresponding to its status, for example :

• stories
• to do,
• in progress,
• testing,
• done.

© Thinkthyme

💡 Your Kanban board should contain the number of columns that correspond to your organization the most. We recommend using at least three columns: To Do, In Progress, and Done.

© Integrify

When you start a project, you must divide the tasks, and therefore the labels, per team member. The first step is to place all the labels in the first "To Do" column.

As the project progresses, the kanban board visually reflects the completion of the tasks: the label moves from column to column until it reaches the "Done" column.

A color code can be used depending on the nature of the request ("task", "bug", "feature", etc.) or the person responsible for the task.

Kanban workflow example

To track the status of a project, present each user story in the form of a map and position it on the Kanban board according to its status.

Here is an example of a Kanban board in agile project management:

How to build a kanban board in agile project management

Step 1: Choose the project

Start by identifying the process you want to improve. Please note that Kanban workflows are not meant to replace processes. They provide flexibility by promoting real-time communication and collaboration between team members.

Step 2: Model your approach

• Check your current process: who are the stakeholders, identify the roles and responsibilities of each person. Team use WIP limits to complete the tasks they have started to prevent traffic jams of the processes.
• Then, add the applicants and list their inquiries in detail (e.g. estimates, specifications, etc.).
• Display the workflow in columns that correspond to the most important steps.

Step 3: Set up your Kanban board

• Draw the columns on a blackboard or a simple piece of paper,
• Use the following information on the cards or labels:
• the user story (US)
• the value of the US,
• its complexity,
• a description of the tasks that have to be completed,
• accepted criteria.

Step 4: Monitor your projects

As you begin your project, you start your workflow. With the agile method, seen previously, you have defined the duration of a sprint (one week, two weeks, one month) to work in iterative mode.

Each sprint starts with a task schedule :

• review the tasks that have to be completed,
• estimate the time required for each task,
• prioritize tasks,
• share the tasks within the team,
• create a label for each task,
• place the labels in the relevant column of your board :
• if the task must be completed during this sprint: place it in the To-Do column;
• if the task has no priority and will be done later: place it in a Backlog column, for example.

As the tasks progresses, update your kanban board and move the labels from one column to the next until you reach the To-Do column.

ℹ️ The Kanban method is both incremental (works in stages) and iterative (works in cycles). It ensures continuous and evolutionary changes.

Step 5: Improve collaboration with a dedicated tool

To make sure that all stakeholders are aware of the latest updates of your team, it is essential to promote a collaborative working environment. This is even more important for remote teams or teams working on different sites.

❓ How do you monitor the Kanban workflow when every team member does not have access to the table to view the tasks?

✅ With SaaS software, of course! With software that is available online, team members can view projects, Kanban boards, and share information. With online Kanban tools, you can:

• get quick responses,
• use indicators and notifications to support your daily kanban management,
• become more reactive and react quickly when your team needs it.

Here are some project management tools that can be used to manage Kanban workflows:

Jira: a project management tool that was designed for software development and planning with Scrum, Kanban or mixed methods;

monday.com: an intuitive work management platform that offers a very complete Kanban view and an ergonomic online portal that integrates into your IT environment thanks to its numerous interfaces;

Trello: An intuitive and free task management tool in the form of a virtual Kanban board, very easy to use with drag & drop features.

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Kanban vs. Scrum

Although both of these agile practices promote team collaboration, they differ in several ways:

• Role allocation is very precise with the Scrum method (with the Product Owner, the Scrum Master, and the development team). With the Kanban method it is not fixed and develops with the needs of the organization;
• Flexibility: Kanban and Scrum do not have the same framework. As soon as a change is required, Kanban can be adapted to new needs at any time, while a change with Scrum can only be made in a sprint;
• Delivery method: continuous delivery of one item each in a pull flow for Kanban and a time-limited framework for Scrum, with the completion of prioritized work packages for each iteration.

If your work environment often has to adjust its priorities, Kanban is more suitable, while Scrum is suitable for teams that need to focus more organization and structure.

What about Scrumban? This method combines the Scrum method with the Kanban method and at the same time promotes project management with continuous flow.

There are no longer sprints, but prioritized tasks. It can be applied to mixed project portfolios and multiple teams. Flexibility and adaptability are essential.

After all, the choice of method depends on the team organization and culture in order to determine its best way of working.

Have you already tested Kanban workflows? If so, how do you use it, and how does it help you to manage your projects efficiently?